Vaccinations and travel health consultations
The main prescription tablet for altitude sickness azet******mide, which helps your body acclimatize faster to high altitudes by speeding up breathing and improving oxygen levels. Other over-the-counter options like ibuprofen or paracetamol can help relieve symptoms such as headache, while anti-nausea medications may help with dizziness, but these do not prevent the condition itself. Prescription medication Ace*****amide (Di***ox): This is the most commonly prescribed and effective preventative tablet. How it works: It helps your body adapt to lower oxygen levels more quickly by increasing the rate of breathing and improving oxygenation of the blood. Who should take it: It is particularly helpful for those who are ascending quickly to altitudes above \(2,500\) meters (around \(8,200\) feet). Side effects: Common side effects include tingling in the fingers and toes, increased urination, and taste disturbances. It should not be taken by people with a severe allergy to sulfa drugs. Over-the-counter (OTC) options Ibuprofen or paracetamol: These can be used to treat mild symptoms like headaches. Studies show ibuprofen can help prevent symptoms, but it is not quite as effective as acet*****mide. Antiemetics (anti-sickness medication): These can be used to help with symptoms of nausea and dizziness, but they do not treat the underlying cause and are not effective for prevention. Important considerations Consult a doctor: It is crucial to speak with a healthcare professional before traveling to high altitude to discuss the best options for you, especially if you have any pre-existing medical conditions. They can also provide a prescription for ac*****olamide if needed. Descend if symptoms worsen: If you develop altitude sickness symptoms, the most effective treatment is to descend to a lower altitude as soon as possible. Gradual ascent: Taking medication does not replace the need for a slow and gradual ascent to higher altitudes.
The cholera vaccine is an oral vaccine that is recommended for people who may be at high risk, such as travellers to areas with cholera outbreaks or those with occupational exposure. In the UK, vaccines like D****ral and Vax**** are available, with D****ral typically requiring two doses for adults and three for young children. The primary course of the vaccine should be completed at least a week before travel. Common side effects are typically mild, such as abdominal pain or diarrhea. Who should get the vaccine Travellers to areas with ongoing cholera outbreaks, especially those with limited access to safe water and medical care. Aid workers and laboratory workers who may be exposed to cholera. Anyone for whom vaccination is deemed potentially beneficial following a risk assessment. Vaccination schedule and duration Adults: Typically 2 doses, with the first dose given at least one week before travel. The doses are usually given 1 to 6 weeks apart, but the schedule can be restarted if the interval is longer than 6 weeks. Protection lasts up to 2 years. Children (age 2 to 6): Three doses are typically needed, with the third dose given at least 1 week after the second and within a 6-week interval. Protection lasts for about 6 months. Revaccination: A single booster dose or a full revaccination may be recommended if you have been previously vaccinated and are travelling again. Where to get it You may be able to get the vaccine for free on the NHS by asking at your GP surgery, says the NHS website. Private travel clinics and pharmacies also offer the vaccine. Side effects Common side effects are generally mild and can include abdominal pain or diarrhea. Both inactivated and live oral vaccines are generally considered safe, including during pregnancy and for those with compromised immune systems.
Re**xis is an inactivated vaccine used as a booster shot to protect against diphtheria, tetanus, and poliomyelitis (polio). It is a combined vaccine that is typically administered to children from age six, adolescents, and adults who have already completed their primary vaccination course. It is often given in response to a tetanus-prone injury if the individual's vaccination history is incomplete. How it works Active immunization: The vaccine stimulates the body to produce its own protection against the three diseases. Toxins and viruses: It contains purified toxoids from diphtheria and tetanus, along with inactivated poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3. No live virus: Since it does not contain live bacteria or viruses, it cannot cause the diseases it protects against. Administration and use Injection: Revaxis is given as an injection, typically in the upper arm. Booster: It is used as a booster and is not intended for initial or primary immunization. Tetanus-prone injuries: It can be given to children, young people, and adults over 10 who are not up to date with their tetanus-containing immunizations, especially after an injury like a cut or burn.
Hepatitis A is best prevented with the Hepatitis A vaccine, which is typically given in two doses to provide long-term protection. In addition to vaccination, practicing good personal hygiene, especially thorough handwashing after using the toilet and before preparing or eating food, is critical. Travelers should be particularly cautious, avoiding potentially contaminated food and water, and only drinking bottled water. Practicing safer sex with condoms.
The hepatitis B vaccine is a safe and effective way to prevent hepatitis B, a serious liver infection spread through blood and bodily fluids. It is recommended for all babies as part of the routine 6-in-1 vaccine schedule and for adults at higher risk of infection. Side effects are usually mild, such as redness at the injection site, fever, or fatigue. Who should get the vaccine? Babies: The vaccine is part of the UK's routine NHS immunisation schedule and is typically given in combination with other vaccines. High-Risk Adults: Adults who are at increased risk of infection should also get vaccinated. This includes: Healthcare workers People with certain chronic conditions, like kidney disease Individuals travelling to high-risk countries How the vaccine works The hepatitis B vaccine contains a killed (inactivated) form of the virus, so it cannot cause the infection. It stimulates the body's immune system to produce antibodies that protect against the actual virus if exposed. Possible side effects Common side effects: Redness, swelling, or pain at the injection site, fever, headache, and tiredness are possible. Rare side effects: Like with any vaccine, there is a very small chance of a severe allergic reaction or fainting. In summary The hepatitis B vaccine is crucial for preventing long-term liver damage and liver cancer caused by the hepatitis B virus. Discuss your or your child's vaccination needs with a healthcare professional to ensure you receive the correct schedule.
Malaria prophylaxis is preventative treatment for malaria and includes using insect bite prevention methods like repellents, bed nets, and protective clothing, combined with antimalarial medication. Discuss with our experienced team your travel needs
The ACWY vaccine is a Meningitis ACWY (MenACWY) vaccine that protects against four strains of meningococcal bacteria (A, C, W, and Y), which can cause life-threatening illnesses like meningitis and septicaemia.
Meningitis type B is a serious infection of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord caused by the meningococcal group B (MenB) bacteria. It can also lead to septicemia (blood poisoning), which can be fatal within 24-36 hours. Meningitis B is preventable with a vaccine that is part of the routine childhood immunization schedule in many countries, and symptoms can include fever, a stiff neck, severe headache, and light sensitivity. Cause and spread Cause: Meningococcal group B bacteria (Neisseria meningitidis group B). Spread: Transmitted through close contact like coughing, sneezing, and kissing, or sharing utensils. Symptoms Early symptoms: Can resemble the flu, including fever, nausea, muscle pain, and feeling unwell. More severe symptoms: As the illness progresses, symptoms can include a stiff neck, severe headache, sensitivity to light, confusion, and seizures. In infants: Symptoms can be more general and include fever, poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, irritability, and swelling of the fontanelle. Septicemia: A characteristic purple rash that doesn't fade when pressed is a sign of septicemia, a dangerous complication. Risks Meningitis B is most common in babies and young children under five, as well as in young adults aged 16-24. While relatively rare, it can lead to permanent disability or death if not treated quickly. Treatment and prevention Medical emergency: If you suspect meningitis B, seek immediate medical attention by calling emergency services or going to the nearest emergency room. Treatment: Bacterial meningitis is treated with antibiotics, but it is a medical emergency requiring rapid treatment. Vaccination: The MenB vaccine is the most effective way to prevent this infection. Routine childhood immunization: The vaccine is given to babies at specific ages (e.g., 8, 16 weeks, and 12 to 13 months in the UK). Private vaccination: It can also be obtained through private clinics, pharmacies, or GP practices for older children and adults.
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Rabies is a viral disease affecting the nervous system that is nearly always fatal once symptoms appear but is preventable with prompt post-exposure vaccinations. It is spread by the saliva of an infected animal, usually via a bite or scratch, especially from dogs. Symptoms like fever and headache can occur, followed by more severe issues like confusion and paralysis. If you are potentially exposed, you should immediately wash the wound, seek medical help, and consider pre-exposure vaccines if traveling to a high-risk area.
The tetanus vaccine protects against tetanus, or "lockjaw," a severe disease that causes painful muscle spasms and can be fatal
Diphtheria Hepatitis A -C Meningitis ACWY Polio Rabies Tetanus Typhoid
Travel diarrhoea is an illness caused by consuming contaminated food or water, resulting in three or more loose stools in 24 hours, often with abdominal pain, cramping, or fever. To manage it, stay hydrated with safe fluids like bottled water and oral rehydration solutions, and eat small, bland meals. Seek medical attention if you have blood in your stool, a high fever, or severe abdominal pain. Symptoms and causes Symptoms: Three or more loose or watery stools in 24 hours, with at least one of the following: nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever, or bloody stools. Symptoms can appear during travel or up to 10 days after returning home. Causes: Primarily caused by bacteria (like E. coli), viruses, or parasites found in contaminated food and water. Risk factors: Traveling to areas with poor hygiene and sanitation, and eating food or drinking water from street vendors or places with questionable cleanliness. Self-care and treatment Hydration: Drink plenty of safe fluids to prevent dehydration. Oral rehydration salts, bottled water, or clear broths are good choices. Diet: Eat small, frequent meals of bland foods like crackers, bananas, or rice. Medication: Over-the-counter anti-diarrheal medications like loperamide may be used for symptom relief, but avoid them if you have a high fever, blood in your stool, or severe pain.
Typhoid vaccines are available as a single-dose injection or three oral capsules taken on alternate days, protecting against typhoid fever, which is common in areas with poor sanitation. The vaccine is recommended for travellers visiting high-risk regions, and booster shots may be needed every three years if exposure continues. Common side effects include soreness, redness, and a high temperature, but it is important to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and to ensure the vaccine is suitable for you.